Scenario Analysis In Finance Essay Example

Scenario Analysis In Finance Essay Finance Scenario Analysis Introduction Scenario 1: Increased expenses used in financing Increasing the level of expenses alongside increased revenues in the overall leads to a decrease in the EBIT. The increase in the amount of expenses happens to be at a higher rate than that the increase in the revenue and this depreciates the level of operating income obtained after deducting expenses. Expenses such as advertising, sales and distribution as well as administration expenses have a heavy weight on the income level and this leads to the reduction in the profits level of the company. From the analysis, it is clear that the increase in the amount of corporate expenses as well as the selling, general and administrative expenses from (2.2M, 12.9M) in 1997 to (4.2M, 30.7M) in 1999 significantly affects the operating income. Ideally, selling, general and administrative expenses take a significant portion of the expenses. Irrespective of the tax amount charged, the net profit after taxes will always decrease with increase in the variable and fixed expenses. In the above scenari o, EBIT decreased from $157,501 in 2001 to $252,034 in year 2004. We will write a custom essay sample on Scenario Analysis In Finance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Scenario Analysis In Finance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Scenario Analysis In Finance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Scenario 2: Financing assets through significant capital expenditure Ideally, increasing the amount of capital allocated to making capital expenditures through investment in assets is profitable and though leads to incurring of huge initial outlay, it results to increase in revenues especially when the items acquired are used in the generation of additional cashflows. The assets purchased have different payback times and while others take a short time to generate revenues which cover the costs incurred in purchasing them, others have long payback times but the overall aim was to generate an incremental cashflow which in this case can be seen to have increased from $2.035M in 1997 to 18.6M in 2001 and finally to $138.7 M in 2004. Scenario 3: Increasing debt ratio and earning per share The increase in debt ratio which is brought about by increasing borrowings from external sources can be seen to have a negative effect on the cashflows mainly because it leads to the reduction in the equity level. Failure of the organization to generate enough cashflows from utilizing its assets efficiently and to be in a position to repay off its debts is what makes the cashflows adverse. One of the consequence of this is reduced earnings per share since more money is used to pay off debts and less is distributed to the shareholders.

Why the Third Crusade Failed essays

Why the Third Crusade Failed essays Between the terrible loss at Hattin and the loss of Jerusalem, news horrified Latin Europe. This provoked the leaders of the three principal countries: Frederick I of Germany, Philip Augustus of France, and Richard Coeur-de-Lion (Lionhearted) of England, to engage in the Third Crusade. But due to many reasons the campaign did not succeed. First there were many delays before the England and France finally set off to the Holy Land. The two countries were engaged in war at the time, but decided to negotiate a truce. When they were ready to march off, they became embroiled in war again. They did not depart until July of 1190, which was three years after the fall of Jerusalem. Then Richard had to settle a family problem concerning his sister Joanna in Sicily. After which Richard stopped to conquer Cyprus, which did help the crusade by giving him better position to supply his armies. All of this time allowed Saladim to build up and set up his forces (Knox, Third Crusade). Frederick, nicknamed Barbarrosa by the Italians, on the other hand had departed in May of 1189. He possessed the largest army ever present in the Third Crusade. It was said there were up to 100,000 people but since medieval estimates are largely exaggerated it was probably in the figures of 50,000 (Oldenbourg 447). Saladin was not looking forward to the day in which Barbarrosa arrived. He secretly made an agreement for Isaac Angelus to delay Barbarrosa. Angelus did not delay the Germans much but he did annoy Frederick terribly. After they had stayed in Edirne for the winter, they entered Asia Minor (Oldenbourg 447). Then came a tragic event that if it had not occurred, it might have changed the entire outcome of the Third Crusade. On June 10, 1190, Barbarrosa went to take a bath in the Cydnus River. He was seventy years old at the time and died of a heart failure ( ...

Assignment 4B Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment 4B - Coursework Example Foundations enable community schools to establish a board of directors (BOD) with a particular focus on raising funds for the school rather than the operation of the college. The members can turn out to be crucial donors for the college. The foundations manage alumni relation, solicit gifts and also drive scholarship programs and special events. Foundations also maintain focus, market colleges, create donor choice, and invest endowment funds. The separate foundations also establish management structure for investment portfolio of college, brand the colleges and create a separate fund pool and limit liability. They also separate finances for community colleges (Bers, Head & Palmer, 2014). The approach used by philanthropy, particularly private foundations, to assess community college financial health is appropriate. Community college leaders must work towards ensuring fiscal viability for their colleges. As such, performance-based funding is a critical way of ensuring that the colleges remain sustainable and that they do not over rely on tuition fees. Colleges need financial advice to succeed (Barr & McClellan, 2011). It thus remains important to assess the effectiveness of colleges both on the dimension of education and fiscal performance. The approach by philanthropy and private foundations ensures accountability on part of the colleges amidst numerous financial challenges that they

Managing non governmental organizations. ,,Once inside a war zone, Essay

Managing non governmental organizations. ,,Once inside a war zone, it's essential to have a blind spot for matters of ethics ( Polman, 2010,p 91) Discuss - Essay Example In addition, NGOs operating in different countries are required to follow certain ethical standards. Such standards include not participating in political activities within the countries they operate or any other engagement that contravenes the ethical codes in providing humanitarian services globally. In most cases, the activities that NGOs participate in terms of controlling civil wars are wide and varied. Most NGOs are often called upon to offer their services in post war conflict. The services they provide may involve demobilizing soldiers, providing humanitarian services to the population and encouraging other rehabilitation activities for the civilians (Zaum 2009, p. 22). The number of international organizations offering humanitarian services has continued to grow and today there are more than 4,000 international NGOs providing their services to war-torn countries globally. NGOs are an integral part of the effort to reconstruct the war-torn countries. They are able to provide services such as relief food, healthcare, potable water and education. In addition, NGOs operating in conflict zones have done a tremendous work in terms of alleviating the suffering of civilians caught in the war. These organizations also help to prevent the violations of human rights within the war zones. However, it has to be realized that the presence of international NGOs in the warzones also presents some dark sides (Zaum 2009, p. 28). This involves criticism that emanate from the fact that some NGOs have a role in extending conflicts by enhancing the war economy. Unethical engagements involve legitimizing warlords that can occur as a result of accepting to negotiate with these warlords. The NGOs across international borders are also accused of demeaning local population’s capacity to deal with conflicts independently (Zaum 2009, p. 32). In essence,

Measurement of the Effects of Abstinence from Tabacco Research Paper

Measurement of the Effects of Abstinence from Tabacco - Research Paper Example Such an all-encompassing impulse commenced as a reaction to the radical behaviorism of Watson, Pavlov and Skinner. The latter had boasted that any and every behavior could be learned or â€Å"extinguished† by applying the principles of operant conditioning alone. Behaviorism failed as a universal paradigm because it could not account for resilience, motivation and altruism, among others. Humanistic psychology emerged as a return to the inward-looking thrust of the great pioneers of psychiatry (e.g. Freud). Subsequently, discoveries in neurology and biochemical psychology led to the other extreme of viewing human dysfunction as singular or cascading biochemical phenomena. Following that line of reasoning, any source of discomfort or disequilibrium should be treated forthwith with the appropriate drugs. Hence, even â€Å"childhood hyperkinesis†, the other term for ADD, was routinely treated with psychoactive drugs such as the CNS stimulants Methylphenidate/Dexmethylphenid ate, the high-risk norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and amphetamine derivatives (Zieve & Berger, 2011), the latter classed by the Drug Enforcement Administration as Type II addictive substances. Such an aggressive approach has been called into question, partly on the grounds that long-term drug use fail to reverse depressive states in adults, for example, and the observed bias for referring male pupils as so rowdy that they â€Å"must be† afflicted by chronic ADD (Sciutto, Nolfi, & Bluhm, (2004). In 1970, Howell, Huessy and Hassuk (1985) embarked on a longitudinal study that followed a cohort of school children for the next decade-and-a-half. That rigorous research design, which produced the data set subject of this paper, aimed to strengthen construct validity. If it could be shown that children who scored high on an ADD screening study instrument also had adverse outcomes in point of academic achievement, grade point average, dropping out of school, social adjustment, an d failing to graduate from high school despite controlling for intelligence, then it could reasonably be concluded that ADD was a crippling condition and not just a transient phenomenon in child development. Method Participants (ALREADY WRITTEN IN STUDENT DRAFT) Procedure (DITTO) Measures (DITTO) Results Descriptive Statistics Tables 1 and 2 (below) show, first of all, the variables that have to do purely with participant profiles for gender and IQ, from the Howell, Huessy and Hassuk (1985) data set of 216 students. Table 1 Descriptive Statistics for Gender Descriptive Statistics: GENDER N 216 Range 1 Sum 316 Mode 1 Median 1 Mean N.A. Std. Deviation N.A. N.A. = Not applicable because nominal-type variable. Table 2 Descriptive Statistics for IQ N Valid 216 Missing 0 Mean 102.35 Std. Error of Mean .854 Median 103.00 Mode 95 Std. Deviation 12.558 Range 82 Sum 22109 Figure 1: Distribution of IQ Scores We next examine the descriptive statistics for the criterion variable, ADD scores. Tab le 3: ADD-like Behavior Score (Mean of 3) N Valid 216 Missing 0 Mean 52.8480 Std. Error of Mean .71118 Median 53.0000 Mode 51.67 Std. Deviation 10.45221 Range 52.00 Sum 11415.17 Percentiles 10 39.2333 20 42.8000 25

Knowledge Management Is A Very Important Field Information Technology Essay

Knowledge Management Is A Very Important Field Information Technology Essay Nowadays, the knowledge management is a very important field to the organization. This is a new, abstract idea, and it is very hard to master it. An organization is considered a strong one if only it has a well-managed knowledge system. Because it is the specific intellectual assets that owned by each organization, it plays a true value key within the organization compared with many other things else. The knowledge captures, codification, transfer and creation is the system chain of the knowledge management, it includes: the explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge capture. In the present, many companies have faced the same problem of how to capture and store that knowledge efficiently for using in the future. Besides that, the knowledge management life cycle has been helping technique which data, information, and knowledge can use to support each other, identify main points, and capture the benefit of them. Basically, there are four models: Meyer and Zack Knowledge Management Cycle (1996), Bukowitz and Williams (2000), McElroy Knowledge management Cycle (2003), Wiig Knowledge Management Cycle (1993). Learning organization helps to create the improvement of the quality and performance of organizations, groups, and individuals.  This system programs goal is to aim to the development of how to get a better understanding of the challenges, techniques, and tools for planning and implementing the organizational development. Researching the learning organization has played a vital key, since the enterprises are facing with challenges and problems that they usually got in the fast developing economic every day. It is because the corporate knowledge management is the system that helps the business to consolidate in the market and also avoids the problems which are not essential. INTRODUCTION As mention above, knowledge management has a very important role on organization nowadays. It is the understanding and the skills of a personal or a group that help to solve the occurred problems more effectively and faster. Many modern organizations are facing an environment of global competition, it is the increasingly fierce driven by rapid changes in science, technology and the demands from its customers, and thus it is increasingly more and more difficult for the  independent labor and labor management. Learning organization somehow much likely a learning environment, it appropriates for all employees within an organization.  It is a place where employees can learn and exchange knowledge from each other.  Learning organization is a huge repository of knowledge which is started from many different sources.  It is also a brainstorming place for everyone to open their minds, creativity and inspiration. The purpose of this assignment will talk about learning organizations and how best practices can be shared through the organization. BODY LEARNING ORGANIZATIONS AND HOW BEST PRATICES CAN BE SHARED THROUGH THE ORGANIZATION KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT LIFE CYCLE Organization cannot know what data, information and knowledge mean; because they are very abstract. If organization just receive data, information and knowledge which do not process, recognize, analyze to useful source, they are so hard to do business or anything else. So, they need some technique which can put data, information, and knowledge on line, support each other, identify main points, and capture the benefit of them. From that point, four models are stabled. But what does each knowledge management cycle meaning? First of all The Zack Knowledge Management (KM) Cycle (1996) was found from the process of designing and developing for information products. (  [1]  ) Knowledge Management in theory and practice book Seeing on picture above, the Zack KM Cycle has five steps is acquisition notice to high quality of data or information; refine is a first place where valued is added, creating more and more useable data or information, or keep data or information for next using; store like as refine, but in store, it do not need to find new data, it just need to save it carefully, maybe physical or digital; distribute is important step because at here data and information is decided to move necessary place, how it use; and present, this is a step to appreciate value which was added at acquisition and refine steps. Second Bukowitz and Williams Knowledge Management (KM) Cycle (2000).This cycle have more steps than the Zack Knowledge Management Cycle. It involves two processes, and in every process, it has from three to four stages. For organizations manage, maintain, control and expand information to create new values, Bukowits and Williams KM cycle divide into two parts which always interdependent is shown as chart below: 2Knowledge Management in theory and practice book The first stage is Get; it includes finding significant information that needed to make decision. In the internet era, with the large amount of information that can be searched or captured, the problem is how to catch the right information which is necessary and useful for solving problem. The second step is Use; this step we use to combine all the right information that we have had into a clear way and easy to understand. The third step is Learn; learning is an important step, it emphasis how to create the completive advantages for an organization. Learning from the failures in the past to consolidate and complement for the existing knowledge, in order to avoid the similar failures or problems in the future. The Contribute is the fourth step of this cycle; this stage acquires people in the organization contribute what they have got. Sharing their own knowledge to the other people. This stage turns the personal knowledge into the organizations knowledge. The next step is the Assess; this is a complex step which is dealt by the high level of organization. Usually the organizational level will judge that knowledge to see if it is the right and needed knowledge for the future needs of the organization. It is very important because it relates to the success of the organization. The sixth step is The Build and Sustain; this step will make sure the knowledge that they have gained is the right one and keep it as the intellectual capital of the organization and use it as the competitive advantages against their competitors. The last step is the Divest; this step has used to quit of using the current knowledge that it is no longer bring or create the value, benefit for the organization. Next is the McElroy Knowledge Management (KM) Cycle (2003), 3Knowledge Management in theory and practice book Including to knowledge production and knowledge integration; but two processes are linked together by organizational knowledge. And rely on broadcasting, searching, teaching, and sharing, knowledge integration can find new knowledge, at the same time it can abolish old. Finally is the Wiig Knowledge Management (KM) Cycle (1993). I think Wiig KM Cycle is popularized until now because it can address how knowledge is built and used as individual, team or organization through four steps: Build knowledge, Hold knowledge, Pool knowledge and Use/ Apply knowledge. Although four steps happen independent but it helps business successfully. Pool knowledge Hold knowledge Build knowledge Use/ Apply knowledge Wiig Knowledge Management Cycle (1993) Build knowledge learn from all kind of sources (personal experience, book, media, peers, education and training) to obtain knowledge (means do ways to create new knowledge as research plan, innovation by individual, hire new people, etc.), analyze knowledge (collect what appears to be knowledge from obtain knowledge), synthesize knowledge (combine different ideas and facts into single idea and impression), codify and model knowledge (represent knowledge in mind, document knowledge through book and manuals) and organize knowledge (by specifies uses frequently asked questions (FAQs), or framework). For example, if someone wants to open Noodle restaurant, following the Wiigs KM Cycle, the first step, they must have restaurant plan, where they begin, hire employees (for cooking, servicing), how to decorate for place, how to promotion which people can know their store, services criteria which employers train their employees. Hold knowledge mean knowledge is in tangible form which held in mind, book or document, databases, etc. It consists remember knowledge, cumulate knowledge, embed knowledge and archive knowledge. We must save and arrange it logically. It will be easy to find and understand when we need to have a merger with other knowledge. Remaining above example, with hold steps, employers Noodle restaurant should find out about flavor, taste, decorations food, etc. after that, they must make recommendation to chef in order to cook right food. It is so necessary, because if chefs do not make satisfy customers taste, customers will not come back again, because they will think food is bad so they do not need to waste their money. Pool knowledge, it is shared or put together so that it can be used for a particular purpose. Individual or organization may pool knowledge in several ways, as if they can coordinate knowledge of collaborative teams, identify who know knowledge or consult about difficult problems or opinions with scholars. Restaurant will have two parts which need to deploy that, one for employees and one for customers. With employees, managers need to organize team work, every team do their own work. Sometimes, they should have competition between teams that create excitement and interesting at workplace. About customers, managers should always ash them about taste, decorated form, services of employees, satisfaction or not, etc. Customers will feel that they receive attention kindly; they will like and come back. That is useful for restaurant; they will know strength points to keep developing and weakness points which are changed. Use knowledge to perform work, projects, collect information, provide standard services, products, describe or analyze situation and scope problems. Other points, this step identify knowledge sources, options, determine risks and benefits. After, it decides what need to do, compare with others and create decision making process. So, in short, both of four knowledge management cycles are so important. Every cycle has it own special particularity. Because they are help organization identifying, and locating knowledge or knowledge source; but depending every cycle, it has their way to collect knowledge. For instance, the Zack Knowledge Management Cycle can be applying information to learning organization. Moreover, different business has unique information which is useful for them, so thanks to the Zack, people can discriminate many kinds of information. Or as people know, organizational memories are created from best practices and bad practices. Information is the main point to link all memories. From the Bukowitz and Williams knowledge management cycle, people can make decision, combine information, practice all information what they learn to real situations, or reject or repair failures. One more points, that all cycles can address how knowledge id built and used as organization. They are also depicting all respect of information, from the beginning as data to knowledge; it creates opportunities to manage knowledge so that the expected value added to organization. In the other hand, knowledge management can be influenced at several levels, such as people, product, process, and performance which make knowledge to improve performance of organization. Like knowledge management cycles, four levels inter-depend each other. Both of them are want to increase profit and revenue for organization. Thus, the link between leaning organization and knowledge management is unquestionable, because learning as the same as knowledge management cycle, in there idea, knowledge can change, apply new knowledge, and refine old knowledge. THE KNOWLEDGE CAPTURE, CODIFICATION, TRANSFER AND CREATION The knowledge capture, codification, transfers and creation is the system chain of the knowledge management, capturing knowledge is the basic step of all. The general problems of many companies which want to build an effective knowledge management system are how to capture and store that knowledge nowadays. Usually, there are two kinds of knowledge capture those are the explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge capture [  [4]  ]. The explicit knowledge is the general knowledge that popularize for almost people in the organizations, companies. They are codified as the documents, reports, text, recording clips, images, video clips which may contain subtitle and sound or not, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Sometimes they are expressed as the books, magazines and outspread to people. Thus, explicit knowledge is captured, codified and transfer easily among people, since that knowledge has shown themselves as a tangible (books, reports, documents, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦), everyone can approach and acquire from them. Somehow explicit knowledge has a big amount about quantity aspect, but doesnt have a really high value about the quality aspect. Because that knowledge has been mastered or absorbed by many people. The other kind of knowledge capture is the tacit knowledge (or experience) capture. This subject is much harder to master then the explicit knowledge. Because tacit knowledge has not been codified or written as the documents, reports; its repository is usually in peoples brain or mind and cannot be easily accessed or transferred among people. It is very hard to reason or demonstrate the tacit knowledge because it is the personal experience, belief, feelings or the sensitiveness on their work. Thus, the tacit knowledge is very hard to encode or document as text, video clips, recording clips, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ then transferring among people [  [5]  ] For this reason, the transferring for tacit knowledge is pretty difficult. Beside the encouragement individuals to share their own knowledge to others, it is important to create a sharing environment such as building intranet webpage, internal blogs, holding some interview events among senior and staffs, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ These activities will help transfer tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge for people to learn, codify and store them as the value knowledge used for organizations purposes. Brainstorming is also the best way to transfer knowledge among people in organization, this practice is not only help figure out the best solution for each problem, and it is also help to share individual experience. Hence, enriching the knowledge for both people and the organization, and also motivate the staffs continually learns from each other. RESEARCH THE LEARNING ORGANIZATION. Modern organizations are facing an environment of global competition is increasingly fierce driven by rapid changes in science, technology and the demands from our customers increasingly more difficult, the  independent labor and management more difficult.  To survive and thrive in the business environment  [6]  of these dynamic, organizations must constantly change to meet the demands of customers, employees, and market competition.  So learning organization created to improve the quality and performance of organizations, groups, and individuals.  The program aims to develop a better understanding of the challenges, techniques, tools for planning and implementing change and organizational development to create a vibrant organization with good adaptation  environmental change and global competition is increasingly fierce. 7 (http://www.nestle.com.my/NR/rdonlyres/7F86211E-69FD-4855-8A75-5D8D1D1E3626/82581/people_focused.jpg) What is the learning organization? Learning organization is like a learning environment appropriate for all employees within an organization.  It was a place where employees can learn and exchange knowledge from other members of the company.  It was because as a huge repository of knowledge starts from different sources.  Is a place for everyones minds to open, creative and inspired paintings reflecting the ability of each person. What the learning organization do is to make people feel free because the employee is no longer passive players in the equation (just follow the assigned work that is limited ability to share and communicate), they will learn to express ideas and challenge themselves to contribute ideas and energy into a work environment by participating in a shift from a traditional working model to arbitrary a working model more open where hierarchy is clearly divided, and human potential is anticipated. Organizing training making an environment in which people can create the results they really want, and where they can learn to learn together for the advancement of the entire How is it work? Main activities of academic institutions include the following basic operations: create a system to resolve the problem, but to experiment with new approaches-to ensure the steady flow of new ideas,  learn from their own experience and history through multi-learning and gain experience from the incident has occurred and recognized the value of production failure instead of success is not effective, learn from  experiences and best practices of others, transferring knowledge quickly and effectively in the organization-through reports, the training program. The transfer of knowledge requires it accessible to everyone when and where they need it  [8]  . It is also important that knowledge is presented in a way that users can understand  [9]  . It must match the user needs to accept and absorb. Acquiring knowledge related to the collection and use of relevant knowledge from many sources, to solve a one or many problems. Using knowledge can be reused through the solutions have worked before. A learning organization also learns from the mistakes or recognize when old solutions no longer apply  [10]  . Beside that can synthesis of old knowledge to create a broader meaning or a deeper level of understanding  [11]  . Clearly, more knowledge can quickly be mobilized and used to help organizations more competitive. Why do we need to use this program? To compete in this environment saturated information that we currently live, the program is necessary to try to maintain all the activities, competition and continue to find ways to improve the organization. Learning organization accepts changing and continuous creation of favorable conditions for building a sustainable competitive for their company. The possibility that organizational learning can bring to companies such as: Increase the ability to think and improve the quality of team work of every employee through programs that employees can share information to each other more easily. In addition the program also helps employees identify the necessary changes and provide workplace learning opportunities to meet these needs. Changing trends management helping leaders have a clear vision and also help leaders get the admiration of the staff. Raise the quality of the work  [12]  : the results of our data are shared quickly and widely. Building a clearer vision: the staff never stops learning from best practices of the competition or in our local and national. Help employees feel free and independent: workers find joy working. Personal development is encouraged and rewarded. Staff saw a passion for personal development and organization Example: Buckman Laboratories International is the chemicals manufacturer in US. It opened in 1945 by Mr. Buckman and it is a $270 million company with 1,200 people working over 80 countries. Beside that, somebody doesnt know that Buckman Labs also sell knowledge. This company has the huge network of communication within the company. Buckman does not just focus on the manufacture of chemicals that he wanted to create a perfect working environment and easily connect with people. In a disease he had accidentally invented a completely new operating system with these conditions he can help managers and executive staff more easily, and collect customer information found quickly. He calls it a learning organization environment. It is an internal website, where every employee has a separate account and can access the site to find out and chat, discuss issues that people are interested. In addition, customers who wish to learn and interested companies can access the site with as guest and asking ques tions on forums, the issues that the staff can be exchanged quickly and commentary rapidly.  It is a means easier than the old style of communication (letters, papers, bulletin board, news .) Now the information concerning the company can be updated quickly  and websites can work 24 / 7 regardless of time.  Help employees and management will catch information and current trends change.  Buckmans program has made and has been applied to other companies and are pleased to cooperate with Buckman Labs to application programs that in their company.  [13]   What is best practice and relationship between Best Practice and Learning Organization? With the high failure rate of the current project, the company may think the only way to accomplish the goals set forth as the objectives can be met through the use of effective program management and engineering projects. So the best practice programs are being mentioned at companies. A best practice is a technique or method through experience and research, has proven a reliable guide to a desired result  [14]  . Best practice also means finding and using ways work best to achieve business goals. In business, it relates to how businesses operate successfully in the marketplace and compare the way the business with other business leaders. The level of progress will move much more slowly if an organization started a job where they have never done before, they will have to use one or more test methods to determine the effectiveness and problem of tasks before putting it to proceed. Through many course of figuring out how to most effectively perform their tasks. But to do that will make them lose a lot of time and effort, difficulty competing with other companies (when that time is an important factor in the competition). However, by relying on the experience of others or other organizations through the trials and errors to develop a method has been proven to be most effective, they can begin work by using a proven method  [15]  . Such method is known as a best practice. (http://c3consulting.com.au/uploads/pics/Best_Practice_Imp.png) Nghe Ä Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ c ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ à ¢m Tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ « Ä‘ià ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™n Xem tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ « Ä‘ià ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™n chi tià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t Benefits of best practice are to communicate goals and strategies of the best companies.  A better communication of this policy will ensure that everyone in your business knows the direction in which the business is heading, and understand their part in its development  [16]  . A program that best practice is when it applies to all technology and modern techniques in the application.  Information that gives the best practice for staff was helpful, the staff there to help useful information to apply to the work and goals. RESEARCH THE PROFESSIONAL MANAGEMENT OF CORPORATE KNOWLEDGE In the modern life, having a solid development depends on the management knowledge in each organization. Most of enterprises are facing with challenges and problems that they usually got in the fast developing economic every day. Today, the employee are improved their knowledge by studying from others experiences so that the organization can save time and money for the training courses. Corporate knowledge management is the system that not only helps the business to consolidate in the market but also avoids the unwanted problems. Moreover, using the system can aid the organizations as well as individuals who could touch to the goal without mistakes easily because they knew how to pass up the mistake from the prior lessons of the other companies. In addition, living in a modern life liked today, the people are much more depending on the high technologies such as computers, internet etc day by day. They cannot even work efficiently without high-tech. however, everything has two aspects which are advantages and disadvantages. It leads to switch over from the offensive to the defensive. That is the reason why human are lazier than in the past. Their brains are not usually used for developing thinking anymore as well as they are losing the concentration skills for producing the new knowledge. As the results, corporate knowledge management was born to collect the data in the past and add the information in the present together for complement each other. Explicit knowledge could be considered as a useful technique which creates the efficient effect for the company. Furthermore, the enterprises also need some software to contain all the knowledge and classify documents according to parts. The managers and staff should collect as well as sharing the knowledge together. That is not only the best way to update the new knowledge but also known as a tool to help them manage the knowledge in professional and reduce the lost for organizations. CONCLUSION As we can see, knowledge management holds an important role in nowadays business. They are quite hard to control and it is new to the system. A strong or weak organization can only be defined with their knowledge system, they do a shabby job in managing the knowledge system they failed, and they exceed the others in managing the knowledge system they gain control of the situation. The knowledge system is the specific intellectual assets of each organization, and they play the main role within the organization compared to anything else. The system chain of the knowledge management is knowledge captures codification, transfer and creation. They also include the explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. Capturing and storing that knowledge efficiently for using in the future are the problems that many companies still find it difficult to solve nowadays. The four models: Meyer ad Zack KM Cycle (1996), Bukowitz and Williams (2000), McElroy KM Cycle (2003) and Wiig KM Cycle (1993). They are the helping hands by providing techniques which data, information, and knowledge can use to support each other, identify main points, and capture the benefit of them. Learning organization helps to create the improvement of the quality and performance of organizations, groups, and individuals. This system programs goal is to aim to the development of how to get a better understanding of the challenges, techniques, and tools for planning and implementing the organizational development. The research of learning organization has play a vital key, since the enterprises are facing with challenges and problems those they usually got in the fast developing economic everyday. The corporate knowledge management is the reason; it helps businesses to consolidate in the market and avoids making mistakes which are not essential.

Rearing Children in Love and Righteousness :: Relationships Parenting Papers

Rearing Children in Love and Righteousness â€Å"Parents have a sacred duty to rear their children in love and righteousness, . . .[and] to teach them to love and serve one another† (The Family: A Proclamation to the World,  ¶ 6). This statement by The Proclamation proclaimed to the world of the responsibility parent have for their children – to teach them right from wrong. In today’s world less and less parents are the principal caregiver and teacher in a child’s life. The Proclamation firmly places this responsibility squarely on the heads of the parents. Yet even with this knowledge, the application of how to â€Å"rear their children in love and righteousness† could be debated. Many parents (even amongst members) have differing opinions on how children should be disciplined and taught. Is spanking considered abuse? Or is it excusable under certain circumstances? Should time out, or bribery be used to coerce kids to obey, or is it a combination of both? Many people have ques tioned what types of punishments are â€Å"righteous† and which ones are not. Here I want to discuss these things and find out what is the most popular belief among college students. Then we can go to our text, â€Å"Strengthening Our Families: An In-Depth Look at the Proclamation on the Family†, and discover what General Authorities and scholars in the field of Sociology and Child Development teach. In this way we can talk to others and inform them on, and maybe call them to reflection about their opinion and on the teachings of the leaders of the church. When I was growing up, my parents believed in punishing a child who had severely disobeyed with spanking. Learning quickly at a young age that I did not like this, I was only spanked two or three times after which I built up the determination never to do anything deserving of spanking again. It scared me half to death and I despised it as a child. I have seen my older sisters, as they are currently raising their children, use spanking as a mode of punishment – sometimes it works, other times it seem to have little affect. I decided to ask my roommates and friends how their parents had disciplined them and what they thought they would do with their future children.

On Saussure’s Linguistic Theory Essay

1. Introduction Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) is one of the most famous and influencing linguists in the last century. His linguistic theory of regarding language as a synchronic and static sign system has turned the historical trend of linguistics and opened up a new pattern of modern linguistics, thus makes linguistics get great achievement in the 20th century. His work Course in General Linguistics (1916) that comes from the notes of his lessons collected by his students is one of classical works and is called â€Å"Bible† of linguistics. It has caused extensive response with its novel and unique thought, and Saussure is praised as â€Å"Father of Modern Linguistics† too. Saussure is an epoch-making giant in the development history of linguistics. His new theory, new principle, and new concept have become the foundation stone for the setting-up of the modern linguistic mansion. 2. Langue and parole Saussure begins with the two basic expressive forms of language, namely langue and parole to examine the whole language phenomenon first. He thinks that speech activity is various, and its nature is complicated. It covers several fields of physics, physiology and psychology at the same time, and it still belongs to personal field and social field. We are not able to include it in any category of humane fact, because we do not know how to understand its entia (Saussure, 1980, p. 30). He points out that in separating langue from parole we are at the same time separating: (1) what is social from what is individual; and (2) what is essential from what is accessory and more or less accidental (Saussure, 1980, p.35). This is the first fork in Saussure’s thoughts of language: the speech activity is divided into the langue and parole. Saussure says that, â€Å"No doubt, these two targets are closely linked and both as the prerequisite. To let parole understood by people and make all its effects, there must be languages. But to establish language, there must be speech† (Saussure, 1980, p. 41). â€Å"The speech activity has personal aspects and social ones; one cannot exist without the other† (Saussure, 1980, p.29). We can conclude from the statements above, that Saussure thinks langue and parole are inseparable, and closely linked. Without langue, parole loses the unified system, and cannot be understood, its result is unable to be verified. Without parole, langue will not be set up either. Therefore, it is easy to tell that, Saussure’s distinguishing of langue and parole is on the purpose of explaining the differences between the two, namely emphasizes the systematization of language. However, at the same time Saussure says that â€Å"Research of speech activity includes two parts, one is primary, which is social essentially, and does not take the personal speech as research target†¦Another is less important, that it takes the personal part of speech activity, namely parole, including articulation as research target†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Saussure, 1980, p. 41). â€Å"It is an illusion to joint langue and parole together with the same view. The whole of the speech activity is unable to know, because it is not homogeneous† (Saussure, 1980, p. 42). This kind of seemingly self-contradictory view is really very apt to make people produce doubt and misunderstanding on the relation between langue and parole. The meaning of Saussure is that language is systematic and can be studied because of the disorder of inner link between langue and parole, but parole cannot be studied systematically, and therefore is cast out. And then people criticize Saussure for distinguishing langue and parole on the purpose of cutting off the connection between them and regarding them as irrelevant to each other. In fact, Saussure does not think there are impassable gaps between langue and parole. For Saussure, langue and parole are two unified aspects in speech activity. He also thinks that, â€Å"We must be clear: we believe linguistics†¦is a science that tries to converge two thoroughly different things into a whole, it emphasizes that they form a research object†. It is obvious that Saussure not only finds the antithesis of langue and parole, but also finds the connection and unity between them while describing the relation between them. 3. Saussure’s theory of linguistic sign. As the founder of modern semiology, Saussure proposes and establishes the discipline of semiology formally for the first time. The influences of Saussure’s theory of semiology on later age are known by everyone, but the disadvantages are seldom mentioned. How to understand the core connotation of the theory correctly is the primary subject of semiology. The contribution of Saussure’s theory of semiology lies in the following several aspects. First, it proposes the discipline of semiology formally for the first time. Second, it points out the essential distinction between  linguistic sign and non-linguistic sign clearly. Third, it has carried out systematic analysis on the characteristics of the linguistic sign. The research of sign is not initiated by Saussure. As everyone knows, in the west in ancient Greek period, and in China in the early period of Qin, there was already large amount of dispute about the phenomenon of signal. The target of the dispute is primarily linguistic sign, and the essence of the dispute is mainly about the relation between linguistic sign and the object it represents. Namely whether there is natural relation of different extents between linguistic sign and the signified. Namely whether the forming of words and phrases can be proved, and whether the origin cause of linguistic sign’s formation can be found from the targets represented. Different answers to this question have formed the â€Å"natural theory† and â€Å"conventional theory† of ancient Greek, and â€Å"nominalism† and â€Å"realism† correspondingly in China. Such disputes are not yet settled down today. Saussure’s semiology is not only review and examination on the basis of the related disputes in the history of language. The more important thing is that he realizes the human society has used numerous relatively self-sustaining form systems consciously or unconsciously while expressing and transmitting the achievement of understanding about surrounding environment and oneself. These systems have very obvious generality that they can replace, represent, and reflect the objects on different extents (LU, 2001, p. 101). To Saussure, language is an organic sign system. In this system, linguistic sign has two aspects of a form (signifier) and content (signified). It is arbitrary to use a sign to represent any content, and it is determined by the society. However, when it is fixed, it has compelling force, and any individual cannot change it optionally. The debt relation of linguistic sign is not important, and the more important thing is the difference and relation between it and other signs. That is to say, the value of linguistic sign is not decided by its physical property but the relation between signs. On the basis of this theory, Saussure thinks that linguistics face the second fork on the road, the language in speech activity can be divided into synchronic and diachronic. Thus, Saussure advocates distinguishing two kinds of linguistics: synchronic linguistics and diachronic linguistics, and the synchronic linguistics are more important. On this foundation, Saussure explains syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations emphatically. He thinks that in the organization of language, all key elements are based on â€Å"relation†, and this kind of relation is nothing more than two kinds, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. Syntagmatic relation is a relation between one item and others in a sequence; and paradigmatic relation is a relation that items can substitute for each other without violating syntactic rules. These two relations are the basic relations in language system, and are our keys to observe, analyze, and sum up the intricate language phenomenon. While setting up new language theory, Saussure points out that the question of language is mainly the question of semiology, and all of our demonstration should obtain meaning from this important fact. To know the essence of language, we must know what common qualities it has with other congener sign system first. He thinks that we can imagine there is one science studying the life of sign in social life; we call it semiology†¦. Because this science does not exist, we cannot say what it will be like, but it has the right of existence, and its position is confirmed in advance. Linguistics is just a part of this general science†¦ (HU, 2001, p. 105). The theory of semiology proposed by Saussure is limited, but it is very important to the research later. In addition, although his definitions of sign, signifier, and signified are made for linguistic sign, they inspire all of the modern semiologists. Therefore, people praise Saussure as the founder of semiology (JI, 1994, p.  19). 4. Conclusion Saussure’s contribution to linguistics is indelible. However, his theory of language has limitation, too. Since the coming out of Course in general linguistics, Saussure’s views have been accepted by the linguistic circle generally. According to his opinion, linguists throw into the synchronic static research and description of the construction relation in the language system, in order to achieve the â€Å"scientific† aim of â€Å"research language according to and for language†. In the language world of Saussure, what he values is structure, form, rule, generality, mode, and system, which makes the language research step on a road that repels humane factors, and departs from the social environment and the people who use languages. If this way is convenient to establish an accurate and â€Å"scientific† linguistics, it makes distance with the active, abundant, and changeable human speeches. Linguistics may become â€Å"lean† and â€Å"sere†. Certainly, we should not deny Saussure’s theory from this angle totally. As a kind of â€Å"scientific linguistics†, Saussure’s view should have its certain historical position, and it has finished corresponding historical mission. What we really need to do is that we should not regard Saussure’s linguistic mode as the only possible existence. We should break the traditional way of observing language phenomenon, and examine them from different sides and different points of view, so that to understand language more roundly, and establish more scientific linguistic view, instead of sticking to one kind of understanding (JI, 1994, p.20). In the field of linguistic research today, the research object has already expanded from Saussure’s structure analysis to social linguistics, speech linguistics, practical linguistics, etc, which brings new vigor to the development of world linguistics. This development trend will make linguistics emit more magnificent and brilliant rays in humane scientific research.

Importance of Respect Essay

Respect, respect, respect, that’s what my father always said to me. Growing up in a typical Chinese family, I have learnt the importance of Respect, whether it is towards your grandparents, friends or your teachers. Although most of them are just simple things, it really shows your respect towards others. To show your respect towards others, there are often things you must not do. For example, if you respect your parents or your grandparents, you wouldn’t just pat their heads, dropping their wig onto the ground when you start asking them things such as â€Å"Hey grandma, how are you today?† or â€Å"what are we eating today?† The only people you are allowed to pat (if you must) are the ones who are younger than you, but that doesn’t mean you can go up to a random stranger who’s younger than you and start patting them on their head, no no no, that’s not what I mean at all. Towards your elders, respect can be shown when you grab food for them when the food is too far for them to reach or by standing up and allowing them to sit on your seat when there are no more chairs left. Such small acts of kindness can actually show your respect towards others and the kind of person you actually are. For some of us, when we graduate from university, we may start to feel like we are superior beings, and that everyone who are still in college are lesser beings, or the lower-class people. This may cause us to look down on our parents or grandparents just because they didn’t go to university, neglecting the fact that without them, there wouldn’t be us, the fact that without their hard work and efforts, we wouldn’t even have the chance of going into university. Let’s say, when your friends invites you over to their house, you don’t just rush in and attack the fridge, licking the internal structure clean, or rush into the master bedroom and starts bouncing on their parents’ bed because for your information, a bed is not a trampoline, no matter what the advertisements tell you, I can assure you that they are two different  things. Idiotic acts such as attacking your friend’s fridge or bouncing on their parents’ bed clearly shows that you do not, and I repeat, DO NOT truly respect your friend. If you really respect your friend, when they invite you over to their house, you should show them some courtesy, or act like civilized people, instead of the monster you are at home. You should take your shoes off before entering their house or ask them for their permission before going to their bathroom, which in most cases, they will say yes, but if they say no for some strange and awkward reason, then you have to find other ways of solving your problem. If you are going to a friend’s house, you should not go there empty-handed instead you should always bring some gifts. I am not telling you to bring expensive gifts like a diamond ring which is the size of a tennis ball, or a Plasma TV, although if you really insist then, that’s your choice. But usually, small gifts such as a basket of fruits would be enough to show your respect because after all, it’s the thought that counts. However, when bringing gifts, especially to a Chinese family, there are things you shouldn’t bring. Such items are clocks or pears because the Chinese word for clocks sounds the same as the Chinese word for death whilst the Chinese word for pear sounds the same as the Chinese word for separation. Another thing to keep in mind is remembering NOT, and I repeat, NOT to wrap the gifts in black or white since those colours are the ones used in funerals. I hope I am not discouraging you from going to Chinese friend’s house because of such rules; these are just little things that you should watch out for because the last thing you want is an angry mum chasing you down the street carrying a butcher knife, and shouting at you in Chinese, even if you cannot understand a word she is saying. Ok guys, since you are all such an attentive listener, I will let you in on a secret. When you go to your friend’s house, the moment you step into the house, you don’t go looking for the toilet or start licking the fridge, the first thing you have to do is to greet the parents. Normally, the reason why they may stare at you menacingly as you move around the house is because people often forget to greet them. Normally, when people enter the house, somehow they just manage to ignore the parent’s presence, even if they were  just standing in front of him. Now, if you want to see a smile on their faces, just remember to greet them as you enter the house- It doesn’t have to be very formal, just remember to say â€Å"Hi† as you enter and say â€Å"Bye, Thank you very much for having me† when you leave. Back in Singapore, when I was still young and youthful, the whole class had to stand up when the teacher came into the classroom. Now, you may think that standing up to welcome the teacher may not seem like much but to the teachers, it may mean the whole world to them. Think of it this way, the teachers give up their time and effort to teach us, so in return, all we have to do is to give up a bit of our time to welcome them, showing our respect for them. In conclusion, respect really plays an important aspect in our lives, whether it is towards our family, friends or teachers. When we respect one another, there will be fewer conflicts and everybody will get along better. So, try to respect one another, who knows, maybe one day, people will learn to respect you too. Min HanBibliography- None- Wrote it by myself

The eNotes Blog 5 Tips to Keep Up Your SummerReading

5 Tips to Keep Up Your SummerReading With all the fabulous plans you’ve made, it can be hard to keep up with your reading goals over the summer. I certainly struggle with picking up a book when I want to sleep in and enjoy the sun. However, over the course of my college experience, I picked up some handy tips to integrate reading into my summer plans. The following five tips can help you combine a love for summer with a love of reading. 1. Find a Beautiful Spot Perhaps you don’t live in a place where the sun hides for nine months, but I certainly get excited when it comes back for the summer. I love to hike, I love to go to the beach, I love to go running in parks. So I’ve started bringing my paperback or e-reader with me. You’d be surprised how much fun it is to sit down when you reach the top of the mountain you just climbed and take 15-30 minutes to read part of your book. You get to relax, look up from the book to a beautiful view, and exercise your mind after you’ve worked out your body. 2. Read in Transit If you live in a city, you know it can take some time to get out to your favorite hikes or campsites- longer if you have to fight hordes of weekend warriors as everyone rushes out of the city. Fear traffic no more! You can start thinking of these treks as valuable reading time. I started checking out books on tape from the library and listening to the CDs as I drive. It makes long drives seem short and gives me a reason to look forward to sitting in traffic. Seriously! I get to finish just one more chapter because of this traffic jam. Pro tip:Â  The more books on tape you listen to, the more you’ll fall in love with certain readers. I’ll often pick up a book on tape just because of who is reading it regardless of the plot. I’ve branched out into some fun genres I never would have picked out for myself this way. 3. Give up on Books You Don’t Love This is controversial advice, but I stick by it. If you find that a book is taking you a really, really long time to read, or that you are not excited to get right back into it, it’s OK to let it go. This is NOT TO SAY you shouldn’t read books that challenge you or expand your worldview. Choosing to read a challenging book is a great objective that you can set before you pick up a book. But if you are reading for fun and it feels like a slog, there’s no shame in tossing the book aside and finding something captivating. I know I’ve have lost whole months of reading time trying to get into a book that someone recommended. If I don’t love the book and won’t move on, it will just sit on my nightstand while I do other things- like watch TV or play video games. When I get to this place (hopefully before), it’s time to chuck the book and read something better. 4. Find a Reading Buddy I am extremely externally motivated. Exercise, eating healthy, cleaning the house, you name it - I am so much more likely to get it done if someone holds me accountable. If you have a friend, family member, or neighbor who likes the same kinds of books that you do, make a two-person book club. Pick books to read together or simply suggest books back and forth. It can also be a great excuse to eat brunch on a sunny patio; you do have to pick an ideal location to discuss your book after all. 5. Set an Artsy Reading Goal Think about how many books you want to read this summer. Then, come up with a working list of titles. This list can come from friends, library favorites, a subscription box, etc. Now think of an artistic way to celebrate each book you finish. Perhaps you take staged pictures of the book to post to your social media. Perhaps you print, draw, or paint the cover of the book to hang on a blank wall in your house. Perhaps you knit the characters’ names into a scarf or write cartoons parodying the story. Whatever creative outlet you enjoy, incorporate it into your reading. If you are thinking about how you can create a magazine collage out of the story, you might pay more attention to the plot and get more engaged in each character’s development.

Republic of Poland- Republic of Angola issue, focusing on Essay

Republic of Poland- Republic of Angola issue, focusing on opportunities - Essay Example With the deceleration period being surfaced in Europe, the Sub-Saharan region is anticipated to grow exponentially. The prolific and stable economic climate endured by Angola today has resulted in an enormous modernization of industries and an ever-rejuvenating population. With its GoAfrica initiative, Poland has one of the best opportunities to grow economically with Angola by establishing lasting socioeconomic and political relations. Why Africa and Angola in Particular? Africas population is expected to grow twice by 2030 to reach 2 billion people and continue to grow further to 5 billion people. The people in Europe are shrinking, and the economic growth is to decline. The African countries are emerging markets that bear the potential for the Polish companies to do business (Benelam, 2010). It is anticipated that Africa will have the largest labour force worldwide shortly. The stabilising political environment in Africa has significantly boosted the economic growth. Africa occupies 60% the worlds farmland with a promising potential for food supply. Poland has therefore narrowed its target and focus on particular countries in Africa with a dimension that is sizeable to the capacity of its companies. Angola is the third-largest economy in the Sub-Saharan Africa and the second largest oil producer in the region. With a population of 24.5 million people and a GDP of 139 Billion USD, the country presents a thriving market opportunity for the Polish companies and the Polish government (Salter and Bousfield, 2009). The expected per capita gases, oil, energy, mineral and agricultural resources in Angola have the potential to make the country one of the richest nations in the south. Attractive Sectors for the Polish Companies in Angola. The food and agricultural exports, retail business, agricultural investments, the mining and chemicals, oil and gas, energy and water and

Country Case Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Country Case Report - Research Paper Example With the support of the named institutions, governments can collectively come up with a balance in there social programs competition so as to encourage social innovation and confidence. Globalization does not need plain trade-offs between social protection and competition. The ability of the respective governments as well as global institutions to take on collective actions has so far been underestimated to the extent that politics of globalization has to be reviewed and refurbished. This applies to the North Korean politics of globalization which has been experiencing both ups and downs (Carlin and Joel 102). Considering the domestic political economy of North Korea, the leadership of the country has in the past been the greatest worry to its economic reforms. Its foreign policy has in many ways ended up on the wrong side of the international bodies and other countries. A good example is the nuclear issue that created a hostile international environment working against its internal reforms. However, this should not be an excuse for the country not to have better reforms in relation to globalization. The domestic dynamics have a bigger role to play. The politics and leaders of North Korea have openly returned to an approach that is more controlled to economic policy. The changes in these policies have had significant implications on the North Korean strategies and intentions of economic commitment. Economic inducements like the joining the international financial institutions, sanctions lifting or engaging in regional cooperation that are more –formalized have not really worked out as most stakeholders wished it could. The current regime is in favor of targeted transfers that are to the advantage of the leaders. The transfers involve; heavy shipments of oil, direct cash payments and food aids (Noland and Gordon 90). This form of globalization can be considered as being hyperglobalists. As the economy of North